Melasma

What is Melasma?

Melasma is a form of hormonal pigmentation, which most often develops in a symmetrical pattern across the face, and appears as a dark shadow.

Melasma is stimulated by an increase in oestrogen, and therefore often orginates during pregnancy, and with use of the oral contraceptive pill or hormone replacement medication.

Pigmentation which develops during pregnancy is also referred to as Chloasma, or the ‘mask of pregnancy’. The risk of developing melasma is also associated with a genetic predisposition.

What causes Melasma?

The exact cause of Melasma remains unknown, however it is thought that an increase  in oestrogen level stimulates melanocytes (pigmented cells within the lower epidermis), which results in deposition of melanin in the skin.

Although originating from an underlying hormonal influence, Melasma can be exacerbated by sun exposure, which further stimulates the melanocytes causing the  pigmentation to darken and increase in diameter.

Melasma Treatments

For most patients with Melasma, the pigmentation lies within the epidermal to dermal junction and therefore deep within the skin surface. Treatment for this type of pigmentation requires ongoing diligent home care alongside clinical treatments.

It is important to identify the potential triggers associated with the development of the Melasma, so as to minimise the risk of further pigmentation.

Medical Skin Care

As we are well aware of the fact that Melasma has the potential to darken with sun exposure, it is important to engage in a daily routine which consists of a zinc-based sun protection. Zinc provides a physical barrier to both UVA and UVB rays and therefore offers a longer term sun protection than other generic sunscreens.